Statement of Purpose to Study at University of Illinois...

â€Å"Love what you do and do what you love† (Bradbury, n.d.). Do all students pursue their interest in college? Are there constraints that stop students from pursuing what they love to do? Most students want to seek a degree from highly ranked universities, however some of their fields of interest are only offered in universities which are uncommon and in different parts of the world. That too brings about another question for parents sending their children abroad to pursue their education, which many parents are not supportive of. As a result, many students do not end up attaining their education in what they like, and in a way abolish their dreams. However, on the other hand, many other students do what they want by measuring the pros of the situation and head directly to achieve their goals despite some of the obstacles they face. Convincing my parents that studying abroad for nuclear engineering and power generation in the UIUC will improve my education, develop my soci al skills and guarantee me a better career. Firstly, the education standard and technology applied in the University of Illinois is better than that of AUS. University of Illinois has a higher number of educational achievements. In other words, it has twenty-one alumni and faculty members who are Nobel laureates, and twenty who have won a Pulitzer Prize, and one who have won 2 Nobel prizes in physics as affirmed by ; therefore, it is not easy to get admitted there. With that said, the university wouldShow MoreRelatedThe Student Center For Science Engagement1535 Words   |  7 PagesThe Student Center for Science Engagement (SCSE) at Northeastern Illinois University (NEIU), a Hispanic Serving Institution (HSI), was established in 2008 with the mission to support students majoring in science, technology, engineering and mathematics STEM disciplines with the challenges they face in their academic and career development. Mentoring relationships, critical components of the SCSE’s influence, are fostered by the SCSE’ s advisors, mostly Ph.D.-level minority scientists. AccessibilityRead MoreI Am A Pakistan Born United States Resident702 Words   |  3 PagesStatement of Purpose I am a Pakistan-born United States resident. I lived in Pakistan until 2009 and worked as an elementary, middle and high school music and fine arts teacher as well as an actor, dancer and singer. I had no opportunity to be formally trained in acting and singing. 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Education has many meaning and many purposes, it prepares us for our careers and for our future. However, it doesn t always prepare us for our environment, how to help it, and how to sustain it. In all honesty the environment is what is going to influence us as human beings. Education institutionsRead MoreState of Purpose827 Words   |  4 PagesStatement of Purpose â€Å"Education is the manifestation of perfection already in man† has been an unwritten motto of my academic life and career. En route to stating my motives, towards gunning for a privileged seat in your prestigious institution, my purpose for pursuing graduate study is to secure a managerial position in which I can apply Information Technology to device solutions for business problems. I want to work in an organization where I can deal with challenges and apply my knowledge andRead MoreStress For College Students1463 Words   |  6 PagesResearchers at Columbia University and the University of San Diego conducted a study conducted a study to determine how stress negatively affects academic performance and enrollment. They were surprised by the nearly 25% of students polled in the National College Health Assessment that said they experienced poor grades or dis-enrolled from a class as a result of stress. (College Students Report Stress Affects Academic Performance, 2011). Lauren P Womble (2010) from the University of North Carolina statesRead MoreExperiential Learning Theory : Carl Rogerss Approach To Psychology936 Words   |  4 Pagesequivalent to personal change and growth. He feels the all humans have a natural tendency to learn. Carl Rogers was born January 8, 1902 in Oak Park, Illinois. His father was a civil engineer and his mother was a house wife. 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I felt rewarded when seeing students get interested in the mater ials taught inRead MoreA Interview On The Playboy Enterprise1444 Words   |  6 PagesGeneral Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: To inform the audience of history the Playboy Enterprise while providing well researched and collaborative support from experts. Central Idea: Through researching the Playboy Enterprise I learned the history behind the legendary Hugh Hefner, as well as the history behind the Playboy bunny logo and the history behind the famous Playboy magazine. Introduction I want you to trust me for a second. Close your eyes and clear your mind and listen to the sound

The Problem Of Pet Adoptions - 940 Words

Different Species, Similar Pain Many would agree there isn’t anything cuter than a plump, furry kitty. But apparently potential pet owners require a bit more â€Å"tugging† to put things in perspective as a recent advertisement by The Shelter Pet Project suggests. By tugging, I’m referring the to the â€Å"heart strings† of the audience. The ad features a somewhat large, orange cat looking into a bathroom mirror. Nothing too peculiar about that image right? Wrong. The text of the ad, ‘Does this fur make me look fat?’ is within a cloud shaped thought bubble followed by the claim ‘There’s nothing wrong with shelter pets.’ Joined with the uncertainty and sadness of the cat’s reflection; the ad depends heavily on the emotional connection these thoughts†¦show more content†¦After multiple experiences of rejection, people can sometimes be forced to wonder what they could change to become more desirable. The sincere nature of the message resonate s emphatically. Though the ad has a clear message, there’s most always a bigger picture. Pet seekers have more than a few choices of shelters from which to choose a family companion. There are approximately 5,000 animal shelters nationwide. The advertisement has to also ensure that when someone decides to use an animal shelter to adopt a pet; they solicit this shelters services as opposed to its numerous competitors. Even with the positivity the organization represents, it is very much a business with precise organizational goals. How do you attract potential pet owners to your particular organization? You align yourself with credible brands to hopefully gain their trust. Beneath the cat is a blue animal scratch-like affect used to display the organizations web address within. The logos of the Humane Society, Maddie’s Fund and The Ad Campaign can be found to the lower right. The Shelter Pet Project website being referenced is strategic in that it serves as a directional aid to guide the consumer to the collaborative site rather than the individual sites of all parties. The small partner logos are best described as a testimony of the organizations integrity. For more than 60 years, The Humane Society of the United States hasShow MoreRelated Pet Overpopulation: Cause and Effect of Homeless Pets Essay619 Words   |  3 Pages A harmless visit to the neighborhood pet store turns into a ruthless encounter for me. Every Saturday, Pecan (my dog) and I visit a local pet store to purchase food and treats for her. Pecan and I pass by a dozen of shelter volunteers eagerly showcasing homeless dogs before entering the pet store. Shelter volunteers are special because they are willing to devote their Saturday morning to help homeless pets. On the way I stop and great each volunteer and dog, then I walk away emotionallyRead MoreAdopt and Save a Life Essay1553 Words   |  7 Pagesapproximately three to four million are euthanized (Pet Overpopulation). This stated would mean that about one animal every eight seconds is euthanized a day. There is n o central data reporting agencies of animal shelters to keep track of how many animals are put down so the numbers are estimated. Either way that is too many pets being put down because of overpopulation, serious injury or diseases, puppy mills and/ or natural disasters. Many of those pets are taken to shelters to have little to no hopeRead MoreMission. According To Pets Alive (2016), The Mission Of1019 Words   |  5 PagesMission According to Pets Alive (2016), the mission of Pets Alive is to reduce the number of cats and dogs that undergo euthanasia. Pets Alive plans to do this by offering spay and neuter services that are very affordable. While this is their main mission, Pets Alive (2016), indicates that the organization also strives to improve the overall health and well-being of cats and dogs. To accomplish this, they have partnered with the animal welfare community. This partnership will allow them to provideRead MoreImpressive Visit to Nebraska Humane Society Essay801 Words   |  4 Pageshomes, awaiting adoption. NHS not only provides a safe, warm environment for animals in need, they also provide a variety of other services such as, adoption programs, pet daycare, obedience classes, cremation services, spray/neuter programs, grooming, pet loss services, and many educational and volunteer opportunities for adults and children (Nebraska Humane Society, 2014) When you first enter into the NHS, the lobby is a large open space, with skylights, a small non-profit pet supply store, andRead MoreAnimal Population Increase: Crowed Shelters May Lead to Euthanization of Healther Pets652 Words   |  3 Pagesknow at least 7,000 animals are euthanized each year? Dogs, cats, and many other pets are abandoned every day. Animal shelters take in over 100 pets every day and have to euthanize twice as many the next. How can we minimize the amount of animals being euthanized? The overcrowded animal shelters and the constant euthanasia can be prevented by creating bigger facilities, spaying and neutering pets, and advertising adoption day more effectively. If we create bigger facilities that can hold more animalsRead MoreVolunteering as a Senior1129 Words   |  4 Pagesmain projects I will be doing during my capstone is working at Patricia Neal Rehabilitation Center with paralyzed people. Working with paralyzed people takes a lot of work and many things that I need to learn. One of the main problems that are paralyzed has emotional problems. Many people get very depressed that have figured out they have been diagnosed with paralysis (â€Å"Caring for the Paralyzed†). Depression in a paralysis patient can get two times worse than people who are not paralyzed (â€Å"CaringRead MoreEssay on My Love for Animals Led to Helping Shelters581 Words   |  3 Pagesabandoned or lost animals on the street and run home crying and begging my mom if we could please keep it, the answer was usually no but we would always check for a collar or tags then take it back home or call the animal shelters to come pick the lost pet up. The older I got the more I began to realize how many animals the shelters in my community and surrounding area had to take in and care for and how much of a financial and emotional drain it could be on the workers, of course I wanted to do my partRead MoreLife Long Friend Make A Good Choice1694 Words   |  7 PagesLife Long Friend Make A Good Choice Choosing a new perfect dog for you and your family sometimes could be a hard and difficult decision. Most people buy puppies from pet stores or dog breeders, when in reality our country should be looking at humane societies or a local animal shelter for a new friend. Many of these dogs in the animal shelters are being euthanized each year. Everyone is capable of finding a new dog to take home and love at the shelter. Additionally, the cost to buy a new puppy couldRead MoreA Research Proposal On Rescuing Animals Essay1019 Words   |  5 Pagesthat it is better to rescue pets than to buy them. Thesis Statement: It is better to rescue animals than to buy them for ethical as well as practical reasons such as health and cost. Introduction Every day in the United States, approximately 10,000 people and 70,000 puppies and kittens are born. There will never be enough homes for all of these animals, and as a result millions are killed by animal control or die by themselves every year. If people would adopt their pets from a rescue or shelter,Read MoreEssay Animal Control715 Words   |  3 Pagesout of the homes and barns. All dogs were permitted to run at large. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;During the third decade of the 20th Century, fee roaming dogs resulted in a dog overpopulation problem, and with it came an increase of rabies; a very real threat to public health. As a result of this problem, state legislators began to establish county rabies and control programs. In Arizona, dogs must be vaccinated against rabies and licensed. Cats are not included in the mandate because cats are not

Joy luck club2 Essay Example For Students

Joy luck club2 Essay In the novel, The Joy Luck Club, by Amy Tan, it tells of four Chinese women drawntogether in San Francisco to play mah jong, and tell stories of the past. These four women and their families all lived in Chinatown and belong to the First Chinese Baptist Church. They were not necessarily religious, but found they could improve their home China. This is how the woos, the Hsus, the Jongs and the St Clairs met in 1949. The first member of the Joy Luck Club to die was Suyuan Woo. Her daughter, Jing-mei June Woo, is asked to sit in and take her mothers place at playing mah jong. Memories of the past are shared by the three women left, An-mei Hsu, Lindo Jong and Ying-ying St Clair. June Woo learns of the real secret her mother carried to her grave from her mothers friends. The twin baby girls, her half sisters, Suyuan pushed in a Wheelbarrow as she escaped from the Japanese. Due to sickness, Suyuan canno longer carry her babies, and is forced to leave them on the side of the road. She lives her whole life not knowing if they are alive or dead. In the book, the Woos left for America to build a better life for themselves. Suyuan Woo wanted to have a daughter like herself, and no one would look down on her. It was important that she speak perfect English and hopefully not share in the same tragedies and sorrows she had known. The movie brought this concept out very vividly. You were able to imagine the time and place and the emotions of the characters. Their anger in the early years, how women and children were treated as possessions. The book spoke of Rose Hsu Jordan, daughter of An-mei Hsu, who had seven brothers and sisters. A very tragic time in her life when her brother Bing drowns at age 1 while she was in charge of watching him. The movie does not touch upon this tragic event and brings out the rich family Rose marries into, and the instant rejection from her boyfriends mother. Rose unhappiness in her marriage with Tod, is similar to the unhappiness her mother had throughout her life. Lindo Jong was a special character in the book , referring to promises she made to her mother as a young girl, and keeping them throughout her life. She was actually abandoned by her family and Lindo was sent to live with her future husbands family. She never complained because she would never dishonor her mother. The movie did an excellent job of showing us the culture during that time in China and how the matchmaker arranged the marriages at an early age. She is a very smart girl and figures out how she could get out of this marriage and still keep her promise to her mother. She puts the blame on the matchmaker and is released from the marriage. When speaking of strong characters in the book, one would have to include Waverly Jong, daughter of Lindo Jong. She was a bright child who became a famous chess player, which made her mother very proud. The movie brought out her unhappiness in her life and the unhappy relationship with her mother. The two shared similar lives even though they lived in different countries and different times. Ying-ying St Clair, according to the book, was married at an early age and referred to her husband as a bad man. In fact she tried so hard to forget him she forgets his name. She tells of taking her baby before it was born because of the hate she has for her husband. The movie tells the story a little different in reference to her baby. After her husband comes home with his mistress and causes her shame, she drowns her tiny infant while bathing him. A tragic and emotional part in the movie. Lena St Clair, daughter of Lindo St Clair, may not have had such a tragic relationship with her husband as did her mother; but she was unable to find happiness in her marriage. The book a nd movie were similar in showing us the relationship she had with Harold. They were business partners also, but he made more money than she. They shared everything right down the middle and kept a running journal. They also decided not to have children which goes along with their relationship. .u867c1bb8794a80a93e5549e515288abc , .u867c1bb8794a80a93e5549e515288abc .postImageUrl , .u867c1bb8794a80a93e5549e515288abc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u867c1bb8794a80a93e5549e515288abc , .u867c1bb8794a80a93e5549e515288abc:hover , .u867c1bb8794a80a93e5549e515288abc:visited , .u867c1bb8794a80a93e5549e515288abc:active { border:0!important; } .u867c1bb8794a80a93e5549e515288abc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u867c1bb8794a80a93e5549e515288abc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u867c1bb8794a80a93e5549e515288abc:active , .u867c1bb8794a80a93e5549e515288abc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u867c1bb8794a80a93e5549e515288abc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u867c1bb8794a80a93e5549e515288abc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u867c1bb8794a80a93e5549e515288abc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u867c1bb8794a80a93e5549e515288abc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u867c1bb8794a80a93e5549e515288abc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u867c1bb8794a80a93e5549e515288abc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u867c1bb8794a80a93e5549e515288abc .u867c1bb8794a80a93e5549e515288abc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u867c1bb8794a80a93e5549e515288abc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Caste System EssayIn the final conclusion, the twin baby girls did live and reunited with their half sister, June Woo, in China. This story actually includes three generations of mothers and daughters sharing same or similar tragedies and unhappiness. Mothers protecting their children, wanting their daughters to know their worth. The influence of mothers on their daughters every day life, showing respect was very important. The cultural rules these women were raised with for so many years in China had a life time effect on their lives. They wanted things different for their daughters in America, but they still compared life as it should be in China. I was touched by th e strength and courage these women had whether they lived in China orBibliography:

Dells Core Competencies free essay sample

Lindsey Merrill Professor: Robert Robertson Abstract Core competencies provide a framework for the company to build additional products, move forward into other markets, gain a larger market share, and explore new ideas. Dell Inc. has over 5000 patents today that started from the computer revolution and internet development. This paper will describe a brief history of the industries development and discuss Dell’s core competencies and marketing strategies, and make recommendations for increasing core competencies, improving vertical integration, possible global expansion scenarios, advertising platform, and marketing strategies. Core Competencies Introduction Dell Inc. was founded in 1984 by Michael Dell. The company sold personal computers directly to customers (Dell, 2011). Since the internet was evolving from confined networks to growing multi-networking capabilities in the 80’s, Michael Dell had the perfect opportunity to enter an emerging computer market. By 1985, Internet was already well established as a technology supporting a broad community of researchers and developers, and was beginning to be used by other communities for daily computer communications (Leiner et al, 2013). We will write a custom essay sample on Dells Core Competencies or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Internet usage exploded in the late 80’s with over 10,000 different networks increasing to over 50,000 in the mid 90’s (Leiner et al, 2013) inevitably driving demand for personal computers and software programing. In 1981 Bill Gate’s Microsoft Co. provided IBM with a software programing, (Windows), the software tha  manages, or runs, the computer hardware and also serves to bridge the gap between the computer hardware and programs, such as a word processor. It’s the foundation on which computer programs can run. They name their new operating system MS? DOS. (2013), this new Microsoft Disk Operating System (MS-DOS) propelled Microsoft’s development of operating systems. These software programs made vast improvements and by 1994 the software applications included internet capabilities. The worldwide internet increases dramatically over the next six years from 3 million to 200 million users (Windows, 2013). Consequently, computer manufacturers such as Dell, Hewlett Packard, IBM, Macintosh, etc. produced millions of desktop computers, along with support products and services. Company Vision and Strategy Michael Dell continues to expand the company’s infrastructure to develop more products and services. Dell’s build-to-order strategy was used to reduce cost and still deliver a product in 5 to 7 days from the order. Dell’s subsidiaries include â€Å"Enterprise Solutions†, â€Å"Original Equipment Manufacture† (OEM), and Dell Services, to name a few. Dell’s vision is â€Å"the power to do more† which revolves around the ability for customers to interact with the company about improving products or services. Michael Dell stated, â€Å"Technology is about enabling human potential† (Dell-Biography, 2013) According to the 2011 Annual report, â€Å"Customers may offer suggestions for current and future Dell products, services, and operations on an interactive portion of our Internet website called Dell IdeaStorm† (Dell, 2011). Dell has expanded its business model to include a broader portfolio of products and services, such as, desktop computers, laptop computers, printers, Dell EqualLogic Solutions data storage, Servers, mobile devices, mobile phones, notepads, and many more. Dell’s strategy considers customer service; enterprise solutions technology; enhance online capabilities; increasing desktop and mobility business; collaboration and acquisitions; innovation; balancing liquidity, profitability, and growth. According to the 2011 annual report, â€Å"Dell’s reputation as a leading technology provider through listening to customers and developing solutions that meet customer needs. We are focused on providing long-term value creation through the delivery of customized solutions that make technology more efficient, more accessible, and easier to use† (p. 6). Dell’s strategy for customer service includes expanding into Brazil, Russia, India, and China (BRIC) with all the products and services. Dell’s Enterprise Solutions segment, which is the largest subsidiary, provides support for businesses of all sizes; large, medium, and small. Enterprises Solutions provides the clients with solutions for their IT environments, which may include servers, networks, and cloud security and storage capabilities to name a few. Innovation Dell’s subsidiary named Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) has performed many services to upgrade existing technology to meet specific needs of the customers and businesses. For example, Dell is rolling out a preconfigured video surveillance system called SecurePOD, a product from the tech vendors OEM Solutions unit, a group that has been around for more than 14 years but only now is making a push to raise its profile in the industry (Burt, 2013, Dell OEM Business, para. 1). The OEM Solutions group works in partnership with customers to create products such as the new video surveillance system SecurePod. A company may have a good idea for a product, but lacks the money or expertise to create the necessary mechanics and infrastructure to manufacture it and testing to support it. Dell’s OEM Solutions group works with the company to develop and produce the product and get it to market (Burt, 2013, OEM). Again, clients may contact Dell to share an idea with the OEM Solutions group or present ideas on line at Dell’s internet website called Dell IdeaStorm (Dell Annual Report, 2011, p. 11). Customers can call Dell’s 800 number, (1-800-289-3355) which is listed on page 13 of the 2011 annual report. Dell is committed to providing best value, simplification, and more open data center solutions to customers. Dell is moving forward through investments to grow the business organically as well as inorganically through alliances and strategic acquisitions. Dell’s acquisition strategy will continue to target opportunities that will expand the business by delivering best-value solutions for the enterprise (Dell, 2011, p. 7). Core Competencies Dell has developed strong core competencies from established assets of building and equipment to over 5000 patents, and nearly $60 billion in annual revenue. Dell’s competencies include owner and CEO Michael Dell which has provided strong leadership. Michael Dell has built Dell Inc. with a small investment of only a $1000 dollars in 1984. Twenty-Nine years later the company now has over 7,000 sales specialist with technical training, and over 103,000 employees (Dell, 2011). Dell’s core competencies provide access to a wide variety of markets including, PC’s, IT solutions, customer service, collaboration with other companies in development, knowledge, etc. According to Guglielmo, â€Å"Two out of three business customers’ first experience with Dell is buying a PC, and about 90% of those customers go on to buy other products and services (2013). Enterprise Solutions supports the new customers with necessary hardware and software to get their computer systems on line. Core competencies contribute significantly to the end product benefits that have a strategic advantage by means of lower prices, or better quality. Also customers are more likely to buy because of specific needs and customer service reputation. For convenience, Dell sells laptops and other products on line or through Best Buy retail stores. Online desktop and laptop orders use a build-to-order strategy with a turnaround time of 5 to 7 days from order receipt to product delivery. Dell’s value chains require an enormous infrastructure that directs the customer’s orders to each step in the supply-manufacture-assembly-testing-accounting-packaging shipping process. Moreover, for thousands of different products to anywhere in the world. Dell Competing as a Private Company Dell had been a public traded company until the end of October this year (2013) when Michael Dell used his 16% ownership (worth 3 billion) and 750 million in cash plus 19. 4 billion from Silver Lake (Guglielmo, 2013) to buy out Dell Inc. Michael Dell now controls 75% stake in the company. According to Guglielmo, industry analysts said such a move would enable the PC maker to accelerate its efforts to transform the company outside of the intense spotlight of Wall Street analysts and investors and free up the decision-making process (2013). Michael Dell can spend more time aligning the value chain with vertical integration to direct operations in other countries, which now include Brazil, Russia, India, China, Mexico, Canada, Australia, Malaysia, Italy, Germany, and France. Michael Dell has just two priorities since going private last month; cash flow and growth (Guglielmo, 2013). Dell is planning to increase telecommuting to cut back on commuting which will cut cost of travel and increase productivity. According to Burt, â€Å"Dell is laying out a plan to get half of its workforce to work remotely at least part of the time by 2020, which officials said will reduce the vendors expenses while helping out the environment. The effort around increased telecommuting is one of more than two dozen goals outlined in a recent report by the newly-private Dell—called the 2020 Legacy of Good plan—that officials are aiming for over the next six-plus years to reduce the companys impact on the environment† (2013). Cutting cost will increase cash flow and growth is achieved through balancing liabilities, profitability, acquisitions, and capabilities. Best scenario of growth comes from the company’s core strength of improving current products, such as, designing and building touch screen capability, such as Apple’s iPad. This new technological advantage made Apple’s stock prices increased dramatically when the iPhone and iPad came out. According to Monkey: â€Å"The iPhone may have ushered in the age of multi-touch on cell phones, but tablet-based PCs have been slow to adopt the tech needed for the natural-feeling user interface. Dell’s Latitude XT series became the first to introduce multi-touch on a full 12-inch screen, bringing finger-based operation past games and dialing to working professionals. The XT2 allows users to pan, rotate, scroll and zoom using two fingers, and works with a pressure-sensitive stylus as well. Use it to sketch a prototype on the fly or arrange x-ray photos for a patient – no keyboard needed† (2009). Growth also comes through customer service and customer relationships. Dell has a strong core competency in customer relations because of the enormous computer systems support through Enterprise Solutions; Dell’s service department; and the OEM group. The OEM group allows companies to come to Dell with ideas and together, design and produce a new product. According to Burt: â€Å"Dell OEM Solutions has helped customers in several key vertical markets accelerate time to market with their intellectual property (IP) with customizable Tier-1 OEM technologies developed by our dedicated team of experts. With our holistic approach to designing, developing and delivering Dell-powered technologies, Dell OEM Solutions offers a full range of global capabilities and branding services to help bring your OEM products to market—from design to lifecycle management and everything in between† (2013). Recommendations Dell made a great decision in 2009 to add several touch-screen laptops to its product line. Currently Dell has another dozen different touch-screen laptops. What’s next? Perhaps a high-end product such as Microsoft’s Surface. Microsoft Surface is the size of a coffee table and has multi-touch capability, allowing all ten fingers to draw, or touch. Designed for commercial use, but can be used like a touch-screen laptop. Dell is currently using Intel micro-chips and semi-conductors. What are the pros and cons of making a deal with the enormous company? Intel may be too large for any reorganization to be effective. Most acquisitions are achieved through collaboration and analysis of each company to estimate future benefits. Analysis of such a merger would take some time and is beyond the scope of this paper. Dell may need to move away from the build-to-order model–customers call up and say what they want and Dell builds it, without keeping costly inventory on hand–to a build-to-inventory approach, where the company builds models and sells them off the shelf. It’s a cheaper approach and has made Lenovo the world’s largest PC maker, with increasing margins (Guglielmo, 2013). A better approach could be an, anticipated-build-to-inventory-to-order, where orders are estimated from past sales and are entered into inventory. This would provide a way to speed up order processing, but may cause issues with cash flow and storage because products may sit in inventory longer than estimated. Dell may need to spend more in marketing and promoting its best laptops and include its commitment to customer service and IT solutions. Funding advertising in competitive markets may not improve market share as much as advertising in new geographical areas, such as Brazil, Russia, India, and China. The complications of language barrier and culture add to the challenges of entering a new market.  However, the strategic advantage of having products available to the largest populations in the world, such as China and India are extremely enormous. Dells Core Competencies free essay sample This paper will describe a brief history of the industries development and discuss Dell’s core competencies and marketing strategies, and make recommendations for increasing core competencies, improving vertical integration, possible global expansion scenarios, advertising platform, and marketing strategies. Core Competencies Introduction Dell Inc. was founded in 1984 by Michael Dell. The company sold personal computers directly to customers (Dell, 2011). Since the internet was evolving from confined networks to growing multi-networking capabilities in the 80’s, Michael Dell had the perfect opportunity to enter an emerging computer market. By 1985, Internet was already well established as a technology supporting a broad community of researchers and developers, and was beginning to be used by other communities for daily computer communications (Leiner et al, 2013). Internet usage exploded in the late 80’s with over 10,000 different networks increasing to over 50,000 in the mid 90’s (Leiner et al, 2013) inevitably driving demand for personal computers and software programing. In 1981 Bill Gate’s Microsoft Co. We will write a custom essay sample on Dells Core Competencies or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page provided IBM with a software programing, (Windows), the software that  manages, or runs, the computer hardware and also serves to bridge the gap between the computer hardware and programs, such as a word processor. It’s the foundation on which computer programs can run. They name their new operating system MS? DOS. (2013), this new Microsoft Disk Operating System (MS-DOS) propelled Microsoft’s development of operating systems. These software programs made vast improvements and by 1994 the software applications included internet capabilities. The worldwide internet increases dramatically over the next six years from 3 million to 200 million users (Windows, 2013). Consequently, computer manufacturers such as Dell, Hewlett Packard, IBM, Macintosh, etc. produced millions of desktop computers, along with support products and services. Company Vision and Strategy Michael Dell continues to expand the company’s infrastructure to develop more products and services. Dell’s build-to-order strategy was used to reduce cost and still deliver a product in 5 to 7 days from the order. Dell’s subsidiaries include â€Å"Enterprise Solutions†, â€Å"Original Equipment Manufacture† (OEM), and Dell Services, to name a few. Dell’s vision is â€Å"the power to do more† which revolves around the ability for customers to interact with the company about improving products or services. Michael Dell stated, â€Å"Technology is about enabling human potential† (Dell-Biography, 2013) According to the 2011 Annual report, â€Å"Customers may offer suggestions for current and future Dell products, services, and operations on an interactive portion of our Internet website called Dell IdeaStorm† (Dell, 2011). Dell has expanded its business model to include a broader portfolio of products and services, such as, desktop computers, laptop computers, printers, Dell EqualLogic Solutions data storage, Servers, mobile devices, mobile phones, notepads, and many more. Dell’s strategy considers customer service; enterprise solutions technology; enhance online capabilities; increasing desktop and mobility business; collaboration and acquisitions; innovation; balancing liquidity, profitability, and growth. According to the 2011 annual report, â€Å"Dell’s reputation as a leading technology provider through listening to customers and developing solutions that meet customer needs. We are focused on providing long-term value creation through the delivery of customized solutions that make technology more efficient, more accessible, and easier to use† (p. 6). Dell’s strategy for customer service includes expanding into Brazil, Russia, India, and China (BRIC) with all the products and services. Dell’s Enterprise Solutions segment, which is the largest subsidiary, provides support for businesses of all sizes; large, medium, and small. Enterprises Solutions provides the clients with solutions for their IT environments, which may include servers, networks, and cloud security and storage capabilities to name a few. Innovation Dell’s subsidiary named Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) has performed many services to upgrade existing technology to meet specific needs of the customers and businesses. For example, Dell is rolling out a preconfigured video surveillance system called SecurePOD, a product from the tech vendors OEM Solutions unit, a group that has been around for more than 14 years but only now is making a push to raise its profile in the industry (Burt, 2013, Dell OEM Business, para. 1). The OEM Solutions group works in partnership with customers to create products such as the new video surveillance system SecurePod. A company may have a good idea for a product, but lacks the money or expertise to create the necessary mechanics and infrastructure to manufacture it and testing to support it. Dell’s OEM Solutions group works with the company to develop and produce the product and get it to market (Burt, 2013, OEM). Again, clients may contact Dell to share an idea with the OEM Solutions group or present ideas on line at Dell’s internet website called Dell IdeaStorm (Dell Annual Report, 2011, p. 11). Customers can call Dell’s 800 number, (1-800-289-3355) which is listed on page 13 of the 2011 annual report. Dell is committed to providing best value, simplification, and more open data center solutions to customers. Dell is moving forward through investments to grow the business organically as well as inorganically through alliances and strategic acquisitions. Dell’s acquisition strategy will continue to target opportunities that will expand the business by delivering best-value solutions for the enterprise (Dell, 2011, p. 7). Core Competencies Dell has developed strong core competencies from established assets of building and equipment to over 5000 patents, and nearly $60 billion in annual revenue. Dell’s competencies include owner and CEO Michael Dell which has provided strong leadership. Michael Dell has built Dell Inc. with a small investment of only a $1000 dollars in 1984. Twenty-Nine years later the company now has over 7,000 sales specialist with technical training, and over 103,000 employees (Dell, 2011). Dell’s core competencies provide access to a wide variety of markets including, PC’s, IT solutions, customer service, collaboration with other companies in development, knowledge, etc. According to Guglielmo, â€Å"Two out of three business customers’ first experience with Dell is buying a PC, and about 90% of those customers go on to buy other products and services (2013). Enterprise Solutions supports the new customers with necessary hardware and software to get their computer systems on line. Core competencies contribute significantly to the end product benefits that have a strategic advantage by means of lower prices, or better quality. Also customers are more likely to buy because of specific needs and customer service reputation. For convenience, Dell sells laptops and other products on line or through Best Buy retail stores. Online desktop and laptop orders use a build-to-order strategy with a turnaround time of 5 to 7 days from order receipt to product delivery. Dell’s value chains require an enormous infrastructure that directs the customer’s orders to each step in the supply-manufacture-assembly-testing-accounting-packaging shipping process. Moreover, for thousands of different products to anywhere in the world. Dell Competing as a Private Company Dell had been a public traded company until the end of October this year (2013) when Michael Dell used his 16% ownership (worth 3 billion) and 750 million in cash plus 19. 4 billion from Silver Lake (Guglielmo, 2013) to buy out Dell Inc. Michael Dell now controls 75% stake in the company. According to Guglielmo, industry analysts said such a move would enable the PC maker to accelerate its efforts to transform the company outside of the intense spotlight of Wall Street analysts and investors and free up the decision-making process (2013). Michael Dell can spend more time aligning the value chain with vertical integration to direct operations in other countries, which now include Brazil, Russia, India, China, Mexico, Canada, Australia, Malaysia, Italy, Germany, and France. Michael Dell has just two priorities since going private last month; cash flow and growth (Guglielmo, 2013). Dell is planning to increase telecommuting to cut back on commuting which will cut cost of travel and increase productivity. According to Burt, â€Å"Dell is laying out a plan to get half of its workforce to work remotely at least part of the time by 2020, which officials said will reduce the vendors expenses while helping out the environment. The effort around increased telecommuting is one of more than two dozen goals outlined in a recent report by the newly-private Dell—called the 2020 Legacy of Good plan—that officials are aiming for over the next six-plus years to reduce the companys impact on the environment† (2013). Cutting cost will increase cash flow and growth is achieved through balancing liabilities, profitability, acquisitions, and capabilities. Best scenario of growth comes from the company’s core strength of improving current products, such as, designing and building touch screen capability, such as Apple’s iPad. This new technological advantage made Apple’s stock prices increased dramatically when the iPhone and iPad came out. According to Monkey: â€Å"The iPhone may have ushered in the age of multi-touch on cell phones, but tablet-based PCs have been slow to adopt the tech needed for the natural-feeling user interface. Dell’s Latitude XT series became the first to introduce multi-touch on a full 12-inch screen, bringing finger-based operation past games and dialing to working professionals. The XT2 allows users to pan, rotate, scroll and zoom using two fingers, and works with a pressure-sensitive stylus as well. Use it to sketch a prototype on the fly or arrange x-ray photos for a patient – no keyboard needed† (2009). Growth also comes through customer service and customer relationships. Dell has a strong core competency in customer relations because of the enormous computer systems support through Enterprise Solutions; Dell’s service department; and the OEM group. The OEM group allows companies to come to Dell with ideas and together, design and produce a new product. According to Burt: â€Å"Dell OEM Solutions has helped customers in several key vertical markets accelerate time to market with their intellectual property (IP) with customizable Tier-1 OEM technologies developed by our dedicated team of experts. With our holistic approach to designing, developing and delivering Dell-powered technologies, Dell OEM Solutions offers a full range of global capabilities and branding services to help bring your OEM products to market—from design to lifecycle management and everything in between† (2013). Recommendations Dell made a great decision in 2009 to add several touch-screen laptops to its product line. Currently Dell has another dozen different touch-screen laptops. What’s next? Perhaps a high-end product such as Microsoft’s Surface. Microsoft Surface is the size of a coffee table and has multi-touch capability, allowing all ten fingers to draw, or touch. Designed for commercial use, but can be used like a touch-screen laptop. Dell is currently using Intel micro-chips and semi-conductors. What are the pros and cons of making a deal with the enormous company? Intel may be too large for any reorganization to be effective. Most acquisitions are achieved through collaboration and analysis of each company to estimate future benefits. Analysis of such a merger would take some time and is beyond the scope of this paper. Dell may need to move away from the build-to-order model–customers call up and say what they want and Dell builds it, without keeping costly inventory on hand–to a build-to-inventory approach, where the company builds models and sells them off the shelf. It’s a cheaper approach and has made Lenovo the world’s largest PC maker, with increasing margins (Guglielmo, 2013). A better approach could be an, anticipated-build-to-inventory-to-order, where orders are estimated from past sales and are entered into inventory. This would provide a way to speed up order processing, but may cause issues with cash flow and storage because products may sit in inventory longer than estimated. Dell may need to spend more in marketing and promoting its best laptops and include its commitment to customer service and IT solutions. Funding advertising in competitive markets may not improve market share as much as advertising in new geographical areas, such as Brazil, Russia, India, and China. The complications of language barrier and culture add to the challenges of entering a new market.

Ethnoscientific approach an Example of the Topic Science and Technology Essays by

Ethnoscientific approach Ethnoscientific approach to fieldwork means that the structure or the basis of knowledge that is being used to study or to analyze people as subject for anthropological studies is their culture. This means that behaviors, actions and characteristics of people are being evaluated through the use of their specific culture (Lucas). Need essay sample on "Ethnoscientific approach" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Culture is tagged as one of the ways that man can manifest his own method of living. It is how people structured to behave in particular ways in particular situations. Their culture has a very big impact on their way of living and dealing with other people and with their environment. Their reactions and responses could be explained by referring to their established culture. In addition, culture really makes the study of anthropology holistic in a sense that it is the defining parameter in which anthropologists base their observations and analysis. By appealing to culture, anthropologists can really extract the nature of particular behavior of people and have an access to analyze the historical background of such behavior. The emic and the etic approaches could really be employed in studying culture. Nevertheless, it is most important that their distinctions should be made clear at this point. The emic approach refers to the system in which the focus of the study is on the intrinsic and inherent cultural differences that are exclusively meaningful to the people themselves. On the contrary, etic approach refers to the system in which the focus is on the extrinsic cultural differences that are known and established by the scientists (Professor James Lett's Faculty WebPage). This distinction suggests that there are two ways which can be used to employ the ethnoscientific approach to fieldwork. Emic and etic approaches can be used as bases for analysis as well as sources of information and as standards of gathering and explaining the behavior, responses and activities of people (Professor James Lett's Faculty WebPage). Works Cited: Lucas, Gavin. Critical Approaches to Fieldwork. Routledge, 2000. "Professor James Lett's Faculty WebPage." 1996. Emic/Etic Distinctions.

Auschwitz Concentration and Death Camp

Auschwitz Concentration and Death Camp Built by the Nazis as both a concentration and death camp, Auschwitz was the largest of the Nazis camps and the most streamlined mass killing center ever created. It was at Auschwitz that 1.1 million people were murdered, mostly Jews. Auschwitz has become a symbol of death, the Holocaust, and the destruction of European Jewry. Dates: May 1940 - January 27, 1945 Camp Commandants: Rudolf Hà ¶ss, Arthur Liebehenschel, Richard Baer Auschwitz Established On April 27, 1940, Heinrich Himmler ordered the construction of a new camp near Oswiecim, Poland (about 37 miles or 60 km west of Krakow). The Auschwitz Concentration Camp (Auschwitz is the German spelling of Oswiecim) quickly became the largest Nazi  concentration and death camp. By the time of its liberation, Auschwitz had grown to include three large camps and 45 sub-camps. Auschwitz I (or the Main Camp) was the original camp. This camp housed prisoners, was the location of medical experiments, and the site of Block 11 (a place of severe torture) and the Black Wall (a place of execution). At the entrance of Auschwitz, I stood the infamous sign that stated Arbeit Macht Frei (work makes one free). Auschwitz I also housed the Nazi staff that ran the entire camp complex. Auschwitz II (or Birkenau) was completed in early 1942. Birkenau was built approximately 1.9 miles (3 km) away from Auschwitz I and was the real killing center of the Auschwitz death camp. It was in Birkenau where the dreaded selections were carried out on the ramp and where the sophisticated and camouflaged gas chambers laid in waiting. Birkenau, much larger than Auschwitz I, housed the most prisoners and included areas for women and Gypsies. Auschwitz III (or Buna-Monowitz) was built last as housing for the forced laborers at the Buna synthetic rubber factory in Monowitz. The 45 other sub-camps also housed prisoners that were used for forced labor. Arrival and Selection Jews, Gypsies (Roma), homosexuals, asocials, criminals, and prisoners of war were gathered, stuffed into cattle cars on trains, and sent to Auschwitz. When the trains stopped at Auschwitz II: Birkenau, the newly arrived were told to leave all their belongings on board and were then forced to disembark from the train and gather upon the railway platform, known as the ramp. Families, who had disembarked together, were quickly and brutally split up as an SS officer, usually, a Nazi doctor, ordered each individual into one of two lines. Most women, children, older men, and those that looked unfit or unhealthy were sent to the left; while most young men and others that looked strong enough to do hard labor were sent to the right. Unbeknownst to the people in the two lines, the left line meant immediate death at the gas chambers and the right meant that they would become a prisoner of the camp. (Most of the prisoners would later die from starvation, exposure, forced labor, and/or torture.) Once the selections had been concluded, a select group of Auschwitz prisoners (part of Kanada) gathered up all the belongings that had been left on the train and sorted them into huge piles, which were then stored in warehouses. These items (including clothing, eyeglasses, medicine, shoes, books, pictures, jewelry, and prayer shawls) would periodically be bundled and shipped back to Germany. Gas Chambers and Crematoria at Auschwitz The people who were sent to the left, which was the majority of those who arrived at Auschwitz, were never told that they had been chosen for death. The entire mass murder system depended on keeping this secret from its victims. If the victims had known they were headed to their death, they would most definitely have fought back. But they didnt know, so the victims latched onto the hope that the Nazis wanted them to believe. Having been told that they were going to be sent to work, the masses of victims believed it when they were told they first needed to be disinfected and have showers. The victims were ushered into an ante-room, where they were told to remove all their clothing. Completely naked, these men, women, and children were then ushered into a large room that looked like a big shower room (there were even fake shower heads on the walls). When the doors shut, a Nazi would pour Zyklon-B pellets into an opening (in the roof or through a window). The pellets  turned into poison gas once it contacted air. The gas killed quickly, but it was not instantaneous. Victims, finally realizing that this was not a shower room, clambered over each other, trying to find a pocket of breathable air. Others would claw at the doors until their fingers bled. Once everyone in the room was dead, special prisoners assigned this horrible task (Sonderkommandos) would air out the room and then remove the bodies. The bodies would be searched for gold and then placed into the crematoria. Although Auschwitz I did have a gas chamber, the majority of the mass murdering occurred in Auschwitz II: Birkenaus four main gas chambers, each of which had its own crematorium. Each of these gas chambers could murder about 6,000 people a day. Life in the Auschwitz Concentration Camp Those that had been sent to the right during the selection process on the ramp went through a dehumanizing process that turned them into camp prisoners. All of their clothes and any remaining personal belongings were taken from them and their hair was shorn completely off. They were given striped prison outfits and a pair of shoes, all of which were usually the wrong size. They were then registered, had their arms tattooed with a number, and transferred to one of Auschwitzs camps for forced labor. The new arrivals were then thrown into the cruel, hard, unfair, horrific world of camp life. Within their first week at Auschwitz, most new prisoners had discovered the fate of their loved ones that had been sent to the left. Some of the new prisoners never recovered from this news. In the barracks, prisoners slept cramped together with three prisoners per wooden bunk. Toilets in the barracks consisted of a bucket, which had usually overflowed by morning. In the morning, all prisoners would be assembled outside for roll call (Appell). Standing outside for hours at roll call, whether in intense heat or below freezing temperatures, was itself a torture. After roll call, the prisoners would be marched to the place where they were to work for the day. While some prisoners worked inside factories, others worked outside doing hard labor. After hours of hard work, the prisoners would be marched back to camp for another roll call. Food was scarce and usually consisted of a bowl of soup and some bread. The limited amount of food and extremely hard labor was intentionally meant to work and starve the prisoners to death. Medical Experiments Also on the ramp, Nazi doctors would search among the new arrivals for anyone they might want to experiment upon. Their favorite choices were twins and dwarves, but also anyone who in any way looked physically unique, such as having different colored eyes, would be pulled from the line for experiments. At Auschwitz, there was a team of Nazi doctors who conducted experiments, but the two most notorious were Dr. Carl Clauberg and Dr.  Josef Mengele. Dr. Clauberg focused his attention on finding ways to sterilize women, by such unorthodox methods as X-rays and injections of various substances into their uteruses. Dr. Mengele  experimented on identical twins, hoping to find a secret to cloning what Nazis considered the perfect Aryan. Liberation When the Nazis realized that the Russians were successfully pushing their way toward Germany in late 1944, they decided to start destroying evidence of their atrocities at Auschwitz. Himmler ordered the destruction of the crematoria and the human ashes were buried in huge pits and covered with grass. Many of the warehouses were emptied, with their contents shipped back to Germany. In the middle of January 1945, the Nazis removed the last 58,000 prisoners from Auschwitz and sent them on  death marches. The Nazis planned on marching these exhausted prisoners all the way to camps closer or within Germany. On January 27, 1945, the Russians reached Auschwitz. When the Russians entered the camp, they found the 7,650 prisoners who had been left behind. The camp was liberated; these prisoners were now free.

The roles of Japanese woman in early twentieth century Essay

The roles of Japanese woman in early twentieth century - Essay Example In his Readers Guidebook to Japanese Literature (1999), J. Thomas Rimer concedes the common understanding of Ariyoshi as one of the highest quality of post-war Japanese female writers but claims that that explanation is insufficient since it is unable to define or put forward the variety of her prodigious talents. Unfortunately, minimal of Ariyoshis literary production, comprising of over one hundred brief tales, books, plays, musicals, and a melodious script, has been translated into English. Translated pieces consist of an assortment of brief stories released in the Japan Quarterly, a four-act play, and The Kabuki Dancer , first posted in Japanese in 1972 , under the title of Izumo no Okuni, and in English, in 1983. It is a fictionalized biography of Okuni, the seventeenth-century priestess-dancer at the Grand Shrine in Izumo whom Ariyoshi credits as the founder of Kabuki Theatre. The tale is an effective depiction of the lifestyles of three family lines of ladies associated with one another by blood in the Meiji, Taisho and Showa durations. The time period 1898 to 1955 is represented by the writer as a time of exceptional interpersonal and ethnic transformation, which contributed to †¢far achieving adjustments in the family process of Japan, its customs, beliefs and traditions; and she provides the various ways whereby the main women figures while trying to deal with these modifications turn out to be important to the narrative of Ki no Kawa (Ariyushi 12). The tale is developed around Hana, daughter of the Kimoto family and spouse of Matani Keisaku of the Kaiso state located in the bottom touches 9f the River Ki. Ariyoshi employs the analogy of the river to characterize the persona of Hana who as a lady of imaginative and prescient vision and credibility imparts dynamism and prosperity to the lifestyles of all people around her irrespective of her own dissimilarities with them, significantly

International Logictics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International Logictics - Essay Example World trade has been increasing at an average rate of six percent for the last 20 years, which is twice the rate of world output. The integration of the world economy with the help of trade has lifted the living standards of the people within these developing nations, which is a positive sign. However for the trade to occur in the first place, it is very significant to understand what goes behind to actually make supply chain management possible. Transportation of goods holds the key in this scenario. Also, sustained and consistent economic growth requires policies that can open trade and investment with the rest of the world. There is proof to it and it is that there has not been a single nation that has achieved economic stability without being open to the world for trade. International trade requires liberalization, i.e., openness to all and sundry within the world no matter what. The living standards are in direct proportion with them. Transportation holds the significance for connection between the channel members at the trading level as it swifts up the whole process of delivering goods from the manufacturer to the distributor who in turn does his best to provide the retailer with the goods after he stores the same for a while. In the end, at certain instances the retailers also give customers with the goods and products that they want through transportation service. There is a high need to promote and liberalize the manner in which trade is carried out within the world eco nomy. It needs to be more generous to everyone and anyone as well as helpful for the developing nations so that more and more trade is carried out between the economic world markets. Agriculture is one such example of being more liberal for the international trade market. Trade liberalization proves very helpful for any country’s economy but it encompasses within itself some negative factors like the increased food

Why Drinking Age Should Be Lowered by Ruth C. Engs Essay

Why Drinking Age Should Be Lowered by Ruth C. Engs - Essay Example Some points have been presented by the author in his article â€Å"Why drinking age should be lowered: An opinion based upon research, and it is important to scrutinize some of these points to be able to come up with clear picture about the issue being talked about. Ages 18 to 19 must be the legal age for drinking among the young adult and they must be allowed to drink in public establishment or even in some of the officially functions of schools and universities. However, in this manner, young people could be taught through educational programs and is expected to be mature when it comes to drinking behavior. Nevertheless, this is based upon the research of the author in his more than twenty years of involvement in the college of youth and the history of drinking in the United States as well as other cultures. Despite the fact that the age 21 is the legal age to purchase alcohol, irresponsible manner in consuming alcohol is manifested among the young adult below this age. Furthermore, some of the considerations given to the young adult for drinking were, drinking is inviting, manifestations of rebellion from the authority, and a symbol of adulthood. Current law prohibiting drinking below the age of 21 proves to be not working just like all the laws that existed in the past (1850’s and 1920’s), these laws were found to be hard to enforce and repercussions cause social problems just the same as to what had occurred in the past. Prohibitions through laws are not working on the young adult under the age of 21. Considering the existence of the law, there is a bigger percentage of drinkers that is below the age of 21: 32% of the students are heavy drinkers compared to 21 years of age and above which is only 24%. Even before the implementation of the purchase laws in 1987, research shows up to the present the decreased in the drinking and driving related accident and this is because of the education given with regard to drunk driving, increased in seatbelts, and lower speed limits. However, Along with the decrease of the accidents during that time was the increased on the problem related to heavy and irresponsible drinking among the college student’s ages below 21 are manifested such as 46% of drinking student heavily rise to 50%, 9% cutting class after drinking rise to 12%, 26% absentees because of hangover rise to 28%, and the 12% students getting the lower grade rise to 17%. The reason behind the

An Essay Of Man Is A Philosophical Poem Religion Essay

An Essay Of Man Is A Philosophical Poem Religion Essay An Essay of Man is a philosophical poem by Alexander Pope. It was published in 1734. In this poem the author makes an attempt to explain complex relations between man and God. The author makes an attempt to explain people their destination and will of God. Pope presents complex philosophical, political and ethical ideas in the form of the poem. This form is unusual for the philosophical content, but Pope accomplishes this task brilliantly. He describes complex ideas in interesting literary form. This manner become more entertaining for the readers and people get an opportunity to perceive complex ideas in more interesting form. The poem consists of four epistles. Originally they were published separately and the pseudonym, but later Pope collected them into one long poem. An Essay on Man is an attempt to understand the nature of man an to discover things which may help people to become happy. He wants to distinguish the place of man in the society and in the world around him. He speaks about different controversies, which usually influence human life: Know then thyself, presume not God to scan The proper study of Mankind is Man. Placed on this isthmus of a middle state, A Being darkly wise, and rudely great: With too much knowledge for the Sceptic side, With too much weakness for the Stoics pride,†¦ Pope speaks about controversial nature of man. He views man as a combination of different moving forces. From this position the man becomes a unique creature who combines in his nature controversial things. From the one side this controversy makes it hard for man to find inner harmony but from the other side it becomes a moving force which helps to discover new things about inner nature and external world. As states Pope: He hangs between; in doubt to act, or rest; In doubt to deem himself a God, or Beast; In doubt his mind or body to prefer; Born but to die, and reasning but to err; Alike in ignorance, his reason such, Whether he thinks too little, or too much;†¦ The author describes major conflict which is presented in each man. This conflict is a conflict between passion and reason. The author see the way out in controlling passions and using reason in order to get a virtuous life. Pope makes an attempt to get a deeper understanding of human nature. His views are common for intellectuals of the eighteenth century. In the first part of the poem Pope makes an attempt to show harmonious nature of the universe. He wants his readers to see that the universe has perfect and harmonious order and people also have their special place in this universe. Pope believes that people can improve their life if they understand this order and their place in the Universe. In the third pat of the poem Pope speaks about the relations between individual and the society. He explores roles and functions of individual in the society and the relations between personal needs and desires and needs of the society. The author explores the origin of state power and division of social class system. The fourth part of the poem makes an attempt to answer the main question posted by the author it makes an attempt to find that mechanism which would help people to become happy. The problem described by the author in this epistle becomes the relation between personal selfish desires and a desire to bring use to other people. Virtuous living and desire to bring use to other people the author regards as the main source of human happiness. The poem explores many important themes and philosophical questions. The author combines literary genre and philosophical style of the narration. It gives his readers the opportunity to read complex philosophical ideas in easy and interesting style. Pope investigates the theme of existence of Supreme Being or Supreme Power, the structure of the universe and the role and place of people in it. He underlines that God is the strongest power of the universe and people may have happy living only if the follow the will of God: Yet cry, If Mans unhappy, Gods unjust; If Man alone ingross not Heavns high care, Alone made perfect here, immortal there: Snatch from his hand the balance(10) and the rod, Re-judge his justice, be the GOD of GOD! The poem expresses the most important philosophical, ethical and social concepts of the author. It give a fundamental descriptions of Popes perception of the world and universal order. These principles were expressed by many outstanding scholars, thinkers and artists, but Pope presents them to the public in unique and interesting manner. Pope turns to universal human values. When he speaks about religion, he does not turn to any specific religious confessions and doctrines. He wants to presents his reader a universal picture of the world order which would be suitable for people of different religious beliefs. The author counts on universal religious and philosophical ideas which underline the common nature of all people. In his work he centers on things which make people alike and help them to find common ground rather on the thing which separate them. The universal order and perfect structure of the world are among the main themes of the poem. The author wants his readers to understand that the word if perfectly organized and that the understanding of the universal principles of world structure may help people to have a successful and happy living. He regards man as a part of natural order and speaks about his great ability to save and support this universal order: But ALL subsists by elemental strife; and Passions are the elements of Life. The genral ORDER, since the whole began, Is kept in Nature, and is kept in Man. The author presented complicated and important ideas in his philosophical poem. His style and manner of narration give the readers easy way to understand complicated things. The genre of philosophical poem

Computers: Buy or DIY? :: Technology Shopping Compare Contrast Essays

Computers: Buy or DIY? As we know, computer is very important in our daily life. We can’t live without computer, since it gives us entertainment, gives us a working place, and gives us a media to communicate to the world. However, not many peoples know how to choose a computer. Many peoples spent a lot to buy a computer but the configuration is like garbage. We can buy a factory built computer from some big company, but the configuration will be not much flexible. We can buy the computer with more selective items. I call it semi-DIY system, since it is more flexible and close to our need. And DIY is the most flexible method to get the computer. Building a computer system is easy and we don’t need to have some professional knowledge. Follow the instruction of the study book, and your dramatic system comes out. But how can we choose a good computer from the webpage? I choose the factory system from Dell.com, semi-DIY system from Alienware.com, and search the DIY components from pricewatch.com and slickdeals.net at the lowest price. We can get the most popular computer in the first two pages and the DIY component in the last two pages. In Dell.com, we have to do two steps to get into the page that selling desktop computers. First we have to choose home and home office product, then goes to the products desktop page. In the desktop selling page, it’s clearly show their systems on the right hand side and the special offer and new feature on the left. On each model it shows, they give the simple configuration with the price. Then they have a button to go to a page that shows the full configuration of the system. On each full configuration page, there is several customized system on show but we still can customize ourselves by click the link on the bottom. In the customize page, what we can switch is everything, from the CPU, Hard Drive or OS to the services support from DELL. Also, we can add accessories as we need. After customization, we can see the new price by clicking the update price button. From the above instruction, I can say that Dell.com is selling the computer in an effective and easy way. The well perform of the system in the clear way is very powerful. Also the page structure is clean that looks comfortable.

The Question of Female Citizenship

The Question of Female Citizenship Catherine Tupper In the early 1800’s a young man by the name of James Martin was denied by the lower court when he claimed that his deceased mother’s property in the United States was confiscated from his family. After being denied for an appeal in the lower court, James appealed his decision to the Supreme Judicial Court. The problem at conflict in this case was whether or not James mother, Anna, was defined as a feme-covert or as a citizen of The United States. This court case was called Martin v. Massachusetts.According to the Source, in eighteenth-century Anglo-America a married women, by law, was known as a feme-covert. A woman considered a feme-covert was completely covered by her husband and had no recognized legal identity. She had no right to buy, sell or own property independently of her husband. In the case of Martin v. Massachusetts, the plaintiff James Martin presented the fact that his late mother left the United States b ecause his father did. In other words, Anna had no choice due to the feme-covert law which states that the man speaks and acts for the wife.The argument made by the ter-tenants was that Anna had the right to stay and claim citizenship due to the fact that all of the land owned by her husband was indeed hers because it was passed down by her father. In the end, the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts ruled that Anna Martin was bound by her marriage vows and had to follow her husband to England. The court reversed the confiscation and the land was returned to the Martin family. Due to the fact that the confiscation of Anna Martin’s property was reversed, the justices stated that women could not act independently of her husband in political or economic matters.

Archaeological Evidence for Domesticating Potatoes

Archaeological Evidence for Domesticating Potatoes Potato (Solanum tuberosum) belongs to the Solanaceae family, which also includes tomatoes, eggplants, and chili peppers. Potato is currently the second widest used staple crop in the world. It was first domesticated in South America, in the Andean highlands, between Peru and Bolivia, more than 10,000 years ago. Different species of potato (solanum) exist, but the most common worldwide is the S. tuberosum ssp. Tuberosum. This species was introduced in Europe in the mid-1800s from Chile when a fungus disease almost completely destroyed S. tuberosum ssp. andigena, the original species imported by the Spanish directly from the Andes in the 1500s. The edible part of the potato is its root, called tuber. Because the tuber of wild potatoes contains poisonous alkaloids, one of the first steps made by ancient Andean farmers toward domestication was to select and replant a variety with low alkaloid contents. Also, since wild tubers are quite small, farmers also selected the bigger examples. Archaeological Evidence of Potato Cultivation Archaeological evidence suggests that people were consuming potatoes in the Andes as early as 13,000 years ago. In the Tres Ventanas Cave in the Peruvian highlands, several root remains, including S. tuberosum, have been recorded and direct-dated to 5800 cal B.C. (C14 calibrated date) Also, remains of 20 potato tubers, both white and sweet potato, dating between 2000 and 1200 B.C. have been found in the trash middens of four archaeological sites in the Casma Valley, on the coast of Peru. Finally, in an Inca period site near Lima, called Pachacamac, pieces of charcoal have been found within the remains of potato tubers suggesting that one of the possible preparation of this tuber involved baking. Potatoes Around the World Although this may be due to a lack of data, current evidence indicates that the spread of potatoes from Andean highlands to the coast and the rest of the Americas was a slow process. Potatoes reached Mexico by 3000-2000 B.C., probably passing through Lower Central America or the Caribbean Islands. In Europe and North America, the South American root arrived only in the 16th and 17th century, respectively, after its importation by the first Spanish explorers. Sources Hancock, James, F., 2004, Plant Evolution and the Origin of Crop Species. Second Edition. CABI Publishing, Cambridge, MA Ugent Donald, Sheila Pozoroski and Thomas Pozoroski, 1982, Archaeological Potato Tuber Remains from the Casma Valley of Peru, Economic Botany, Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 182-192.

Jews and the State essays

Jews and the State essays Since the birth of Christ, the relationship among Jews and Christians and the state has radically shifted from one end of the spectrum to the other. Since its inception, Christianity had been the religion coping with intolerance from the Jews and the state, yet as time progressed the attitude toward Jewry turned for the worse. As more Christian rulers came into power, laws and regulations turned against those Jews who had once turned against those supporting Christ. Not until after the medieval ages did the states position on Jews begin to loosen up again. This is not to say that time would heal all problems. In truth, time simply brought a change. Social and economic structure developed over the centuries, and some restrictions on Jews were abandoned while still others were just being formed. Treatment of the Jews varied greatly from region to region. The Age of Enlightenment would bring changes that would finally have a long-standing impact on the Jewish community. The Middle Ages began poorly for the Jews of Europe. In the early fourth century, it was inconceivable to separate church and state. In fact, religion played an important role in the government until well after the Reformation. Constantine, the first Roman Emperor to limit the rights of the Jews in the Holy Roman Empire, disallowed any Jews from becoming missionaries for their faith or displaying any form of anger against Christians (Marcus 3). Twenty years later, Constantius forbade marriage between Jewish men and Christian women, and that law was later expanded to deny all marriages between Christians and Jews. In addition, Jews were no longer allowed to possess slaves. In 439, Theodosius II allowed only Christians to hold any public office that would give honor (4). Theodosius did, however, allow Jews to hold offices that were known to lead to financial decline. In addition, as an attempt to prevent Christians from converting to Judaism, Theo...

Legal Environment of Business2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Legal Environment of Business2 - Essay Example Laws relating to equal pay are violated. However, the employer may take advantage of the provisions of Equal Pay Act to justify his action. These provisions allow for varied compensation if the employees are of different productivity under the same working conditions. Nesser is likely to win the case against the Airline. This is because, the Airline’s refusal for Nesser to work from home shows that the Airline only needs his services when he is perfect health condition. Employment laws do not allow this kind of treatment when employees fall ill in their line of duty. Failure to include all the required information was a breach of the requirements that govern securities. The experienced scenario resulted from the actions of the outside entities and thus security laws were violated, specifically contract law. However, the outside entities have a defense since what unfolded was not intentional. Pearl cannot require the bank to make good on the check since it has already been identified that Sharpe’s account does not have sufficient funds. The bank can only make good out of the transaction if Sharpe makes the substantial deposit she had promised to make. Franklin is entitled to the credit as he demands. This is because, he expressed his concern to have payments ceased on an issued check. The cashier notified the other tellers about Franklin’s directive. If no attention was paid by the teller who made the payment, it is the teller and the bank that are liable to the mistake and not

Project managment individual assinment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Project managment individual assinment - Essay Example According to Visitacion (2003) it is most often â€Å"poor planning and fuzzy requirements† that contribute to poor management of projects and result in failed productivity.(www.amd.com). She states that if the planning process is improved by 20%, then there will be an 80% improvement in productivity. In particular, from the perspective of stakeholders, there is added pressure for the project to conform to the limitations of finances, time and resources, hence she recommends that many project failures can be averted through implementing good planning and developing a clear understanding of the project requirements so that they can be satisfied. LaBrosse(2007) recommends that a standardized, consistent approach be developed towards project management and has created the Cheetah Project Management method. This system boosts individual as well as organizational productivity through the development of a standardized, consistent system that includes best practices into the manner in which projects are managed. This standardized approach consists of the 5 S’s, which are very helpful in eliminating chaos in the work environment and can help team members to work efficiently and reduce delays caused by disorder in the working environment and work areas. The first item is SORT, where materials that are present within the working area are restricted to those materials which are used on a daily basis. The other materials are stored away elsewhere, and an efficient filing system is developed to enable a quick retrieval of the documents. The next item is STRAIGHTEN. This aims to smoothen the work flow by setting out specific spots for moveable items. Materials such as fax and copier machines and other items used collectively by several organizational members are labeled and schedules drawn up for rotating use of such machines, in order to promote efficiency. The third item to improve project management is SHINE,

Biological Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Biological Science - Essay Example sult the transfer of heat from a cooler body to a hotter one.† (Jones) This law states that there cannot be energy gain in a system with out doing any work. In the universe there can’t be change inside any system with out doing any work. The third law states â€Å"It is impossible to reduce any system to absolute zero in a finite series of operations.† (Jones) It says there can’t be any system in this universe such that energy transfer does no take place. So the conclusion can be drawn is, the universe as such will not undergo the absolute zero and it will exist forever. Law of Conservation of Matter states that â€Å"During an ordinary chemical change, there is no detectable increase or decrease in the quantity of matter.†( Law of Conservation of Matter and Energy) This content the fact universe will remain constant that is, the matter in universe will be constant and there will not be any change in the amount of matter present. There could be changes taking place. The science has brought drastic change in human history and itself created a big history. There are constructive as well as destructive effects of science on society. The human beings are considered to be a sophisticated aspect in the world. And to live as group it requires lot of sense about what happening in the world. Starting from the old age, the hidden principal of life is being brought into action in a systematic manner and that’s what called as the effect of science on society. The culture and tradition follows the aspect of science. So as the inventions grow up, the human beings started practicing all sort of things in the world and created further enhancement on the existing concepts. Starting from the morning toothpaste to the mosquito coil in the night science is involved in every moment of life of an average person. Due to discovery by Newton that earth is round there were opposition for his invention which resulted in death of Newton. After serious of transformation Newton’s

Terms Ap Us History Essay Example for Free

Terms Ap Us History Essay Sea Dogs-roving English ships that plundered Spanish treasure ships (1560s) St. Augustine–fort Spain created in Florida 1565 to protect the route of its treasure fleet against English ships, French settlers, hostile Indians (1st permanent Euro. settlement in US) Comprehensive Orders for New Discoveries-new policy Spanish leaders introduced after military setbacks to pacify Indians by Christianizing missionaries not conquistadores (1573) Ecomenderos-privelaged spanish landowners in NM, who were allowed by the Franciscans to utilize the goods and forced labor of Indians and their land Popà ©-an Indian shaman, who killed and drove away Spaniards (destroying Spanish churches etc) with his followers in 1680 Samuel de Champlain-founder of the fur-trading post Quebec (1608), first permanent French colony). Colony did badly until 1662 when it was turned to royal colony Robert de La Salle-fur trader who in 1681 traveled down the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico to found Louisiana (and ultimately New Orleans). Traveled so far from Great Lakes/New France region to get rive by taking advantage of of remote Indians who did not know value of their furs Henry Hudson-An English mariner sent by Dutch merchants in 1609 to find a navigable route to East Indies/riches. Explored rivers of the NE (esp. Hudson River) and found plentiful furs Fort Orange-Dutch merchants founded this fur-trading post (now Albany) in 1614 after following H. Hudsons exploration to trade for furs with the Iroquois West India Company-chartered by Dutch government in 1621 and set up New Netherland colony and New Amsterdam (Manhattan) as capital, brining in farmers/artisans to make sustainable. Later acted independently, ignoring New Netherland to profit in other colonies Governor Peter Stuyvesant-governor of New Amsterdam who ruled in authoritarian way by alienating colonys diverse residents and ignoring representation demands. Anglo-Dutch War-series of wars fought between the Dutch and the English in the 1600s and 1700s over control of the seas and trade routes. Early wars confirmed the Dutch Republics position as the leading maritime country and its domination of world trade until the early 1700s. Virginia Company-London company of investors granted all land by King James I of England from NC to NY (1606). Directors named land Virginia and in 1607 group of male traders (no farming experience) settled area of Jamestown with intention of obtaining gold (there was no gold). More than half of first settlers died from voyage, disease, famine. Later encouraged migration by granting free settlers land. Powhatan-chief of local tribes who treated the English traders as potential (trade) allies, and essentially saved them from total famine when he gave them corn (in exchange got metal tools/guns). Saved life of Captain John Smith from his brother Opechancanough. John Rolfe-an English colonist that married Powhatans daughter Pocahontas under his arrangement (diplomatic effort by Powhatan). Rolfe imported tobacco seed from West Indies, producing a profitable and in-demand crop in Europe––spurred migration of thousands of English settlers establishing plantations, and consequently invading Indian land. House of Burgesses-system of representative government in VA issued as a charter from the Virginia Company (1619). Could make laws and levy taxes, but governor/company council in England could veto its acts. Opechancanough-Powhatans brother and successor who attacked the early English invaders (captured Capt. John Smith). Stayed distant from English and refused all treaties while Powhatan chief. Became chief 1621, wanted to wipe out all of Englishmen (land-hungry and conversion minded). Started Indian War of 1622 when killed 1/3 of white English in surprise attack, who then brutally punished Indians and declared perpetual war that lasted 10 years. Privy Council-a committee of political advisers to King James I, who made it a requirement that all legislation passed by the new VA governor and his advisory council of the House of Burgesses (formed in 1624 when King James I revoked VA Companys charter and made VA a royal colony b/c of Indian uprising) had to be ratified by them. Toleration Act of 1649-Lord Baltimore persuaded the assembly (of MD) to pass this act––which protected his fellow Catholics (who had become a minority to the surging Protestants in Marlyand) and granted all Christians the right to follow their beliefs and hold church services. Maryland was no a colony of Christian religious freedom. Freeholds-Small family-farmed (tobacco) plantations that were the main source of tobacco in the Chesapeake region in the early part of the tobacco boom (1620s). Indentured Servant-poor whites in England who were impoverished and abused in Englands city poorhouses who there were displaced to the cities after the go vernment enclosed their lands in the countryside. They wanted to settle in the colonies to obtain land and economic opportunity (social mobility), so to pay for their passage over they signed indentures from merchants (who would sell them to planters) that said they would work as a servant on a plantation for 4-5 years and then were free. Many died en route or were abused to death on plantations, and only 25% actually acquired land and success afterwards. Black Codes-laws enforced by Chesapeake planters to limit the freedom and severely restrict rights of African workers in the colonies (like owning guns, traveling). These codes made slavery legal, and encouraged racist ideas to differentiate poor whites from blacks, elevating them and make slaves inferior beings (all because slave importation skyrocketed when tobacco boom crashed). Navigation Acts-passed by English Parliament in early 1660s as the main device of mercantilist policy in England (wanted to exclusively capitalize on their American colonies raw materials and market for manufactured goods), they prevented colonists from selling tobacco to all countries besides the English (lost money from Dutch), and all tobacco went to England where there were higher import duties. Consequently tobacco prices fell and planters were forced to use the cheaper labor of black slaves, and political problems resulted in the Chesapeake colonies. Governor William Berkeley-royal Governor of Virginia (Jamestown) who was instructed to run the colony only for the benefit of England (1642-1652). He was part of, and favored the planter-merchant elite. Corrupt: to win support in House of Burgesses bribed officials with land grants and took vote away from landless freemen (50% of white pop.). Increased the already growing disparities in wealth and status among VA population. Nathaniel Bacon-a wealthy farmer (was on governors council), he was a leader of colonial frontiersmen in western deep Virginia (west). Like other poorer farming frontiersmen, was angered over Gov. Berkeleys inability to protect western VA frontier land (like his own) from Indian attacks; also angry at the rights and corruption of VAs wealthy inner circle. Bacon’s Rebellion-1676, Nathaniel Bacon led other fellow poor frontiersmen on Indian raids because they were being attacked by Indians. The poor frontiersmen were all angry at the tobacco monopoly that the elite eastern planters had, that they lost their voting rights, and that they were overtaxed. Gained popularity with his Indian raids. Seen as a Martyr when he was arrested by Berkeley and was freed by yeomen. He and forces burned Jamestown, but when he died Berkeley violently crushed rebellion with British military aid. Made colonies turn away from indentured servant labor and toward slave labor. Manifesto and Declaration of the People William Bradford-Puritan who led Puritans and migrants from England (102) to America in 1620 aboard the Mayflower and settled in Plymouth, in SE MA. While en route, he said they lacked a royal charter from England, and issued the Mayflower Compact. Mayflower Compact-issued by William Bradford aboard Mayflower to migrants/Puritans which coalesced the migrants (just wanting to go to VA for economic opportunity) with the Puritans (wanting to be independent and free of Protestant VA) by declaring they would live in a civil body politick using the Puritans self-governing congregation to shape their political structure. John Winthrop-Well-educated Puritan country squire who led the exodus of Puritans from England in 1630 (they were being persecuted against by Catholic King Charles I), to set up govern the Massachusetts Bay Colony (Boston). He declared to his people we shall be as a City upon a Hill. He meant that God had chosen them to be a shining example and hope for all (Christian) religions, like those in what he considered to be a morally corrupt England, wanted to inspire religious reform throughout the Christian world. Massachusetts Bay-Colony established and governed by John Winthrop 1630, who led exodus of Puritans from a morally corrupt England where his people were being persecuted, sought to create a New England that was a reformed Christian society. Colony was a representative political body with an assembly, and made Puritanism the sole state religion (no other religions allowed), only church members could vote/hold office. Used Bible as legal guide, and embraced simple Christian principles––churches were controlled by the people (congregationalist) with no hierarchy and were meetinghouses. These Puritans believed in predestination (John Calvin), a doctrine that God chose only a select few individuals for salvation before they were born. Many sought a born again experience. Because they thought they were chosen as a city upon a hill, they felt the right to seize Indian lands. Roger Williams-Roger Williams was a Puritan minister who opposed congregationalism, praised the separation of church and state, advocated religious tolerance (the government didnt have authority over spiritual lives), and didnt believe in Puritans seizure of Indian land. These were all opposite views than the status quo of Mass. Bay. In 1636, he was banished so he led his followers to settle the town of Providence (Rhode Island) the land he bought from Indians. Got a charter from Parliament in 1644 to establish the colony of Rhode Island (complete religious freedom). Anne Hutchinson-A Mass. Bay wife who held weekly prayer meetings for women, she preached controversial and differing views: she believed salvation could not be achieved through good deeds, people only bestowed by God through the covenant of grace. She said that God spoke his divine truth directly to individuals, not through the church. As a woman with considerable influence, she was banished in 1637, for her heretical views and as a threat to the superiority of men in the Puritan church. Joined Roger Williams in RI. Thomas Hooker-Puritan pastor who brought some Puritans to the Connecticut River Valley in 1636 and established the town of Hartford (left NE because of differing views and search for better farmland). Connecticut became royal colony in 1660 with charter from King Charles II. Had a legally established church but granted voting rights to all land-owning men. Cotton Mather-A popular Puritan theologian who believed in supernatural forces, that unusual events were the power displayed by God or Satan. Lead to the Salem Witch Trials. Spectral Evidence-The evidence allowed by judges at the accused witches trials (in the Salem Witch Trials), which was visions of evil beings and marks seen only by the girls (who suffered supernatural seizures). Praying Towns-Indian villages that Puritan ministers like John Eliot turned into intensely Christian communities by 1670 in efforts to convert Indians. The 1000 Indian residents lost their independence and culture, and new native form of Christianity were made by traditional spiritual beliefs incorporated into churches. Metacom-Chief of the Wampanoags who with two other tribes staged a rebellion in 1675-1676, attacking white settlements all over New England in hopes to finally expel the Europeans. He knew coexistence was unlikely and was angry that NE colonists restricted their trade and accused them of many violations. Had they not run out of gunpowder, the rebellion might have been a success. The NE colonies losses were significant, as some places lost 5% of their population; but Indians lost 25% of their population and the three tribes (Wampanoags, Narragansetts, and Nipmucks) displaced/retreated west to the backcountry.