Polish-Americans free essay sample

Discrimination and Ethnic Groups: Polish-Americans Understanding Polish Immigration Poland’s unique past is littered with oppression, servitude, and foreign rule over and over again. The land was fought over by many countries during the 1800’s and subsequently was annexed and divided. The primary conquerors included Russia, Austria, Prussia, and later Germany. (Buffalo Department of Education,). There were many smaller country’s nationals who descended upon Poland and mixed with the nationals, seizing land and jobs.This included The Ukraine, Lithuania, Belorussia, Latvia, not to mention Jews, Tartars, and small groups of gypsies. At the end of the 18th century Poland basically no longer existed as the rival surrounding countries split this land and claimed it as a part of their domain. Finally in 1918 Poland achieved independence and re-emerged as a country under Communist rule (Jones, n. d. ). These events led the Eastern Europeans to view the Poles as low-class, bohemian, even non-whites, who were beneath them in education, social status, and economics. We will write a custom essay sample on Polish-Americans or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is understandable that this sentiment stigmatized the immigrating Poles as they arrived on America’s shores, seeking political democracy, good jobs, and a piece a land. Expecting a better life they often faced prejudice and problems in America. Assimilation According to (),â€Å"Many of their neighbors viewed Poles as rowdy, disorganized, ignorant, filthy, and prone to drunkenness and sloth. Polish immigrants were subjected to spitting, name-calling, physical violence and the other abuses† (Jones, n. d. , para. 15). Despite these setbacks, Polish patriots had an easier time assimilating than other non-European groups, such as Asians.This assimilation was only surface due to their strong cultural, ethnic, and religious ties to Poland isolating them from mainstream America. Often the brunt of ethnic jokes, this practice has only died down in the entertainment arena since the late 1980’s. America was predominantly Protestant and the strongly Catholic Poles were looked down upon and church construction blocked. Faced with these issues the self-reliant Polish-Americans created small, self-supporting ethnic communities (Polonia) remaining isolated from the rest of the local community (Znaniecka, 1994).According to Jones, â€Å"It has been at times a country within a country, Poland in the new world† (Znaniecka, 1994, para. 3). Dual Labor Market / Industrial Discrimination Hoping to find jobs in agriculture and woodworking and a small piece of land to farm was not a reality for hard working Poles. Instead, shunned by Americans and Eastern Europeans they were sent to larger developed areas and offered laborious jobs working in mills, refineries, industrial plants, and the garment industry. They were strong and hard working and were often given the hardest tasks; working is extreme heat of factories or damp, bleak conditions in underground mines for 10-hour days, six or seven days a week. The Poles, with a strong history of agriculture, farming, and woodworking experience, somehow managed to adapt to these unsatisfactory conditions. The were ridiculed for their broken English and further segregated from native-born Americans ( ). Redlining Shopkeepers would often overcharge the Poles for goods and services, or supply them with inferior products.It was a common practice for employers to withhold wages. Newcomers were often paid less than they deserved. Landlord rentals were often unclean and uncomfortable. This simply strengthened the growing Polish communities (Polonia) that funded and constructed banks, churches, schools, retail stores and shops, all owned and operated by fellow Polish-Americans ( ). Glass Ceilings, Walls, and Escalators Polish-Americans were discriminated against on the workforce. There was never a chance for upward mobility and career advancement. Poles were viewed as strong workhorses without many brains.Eastern Europeans and native-born Americans were granted the better lateral jobs and there was no inside secret or fraternization that could help a Polish-American obtain a raise or a better company position quickly (Lutenski, 1994). Reverse Discrimination Poles assimilated easily and became â€Å"more-white† (J. Giordano, Personal communication, April 30, 2011) once they became naturalized. They slowly shed the stigma of being non-white by shunning blacks so they could emphasize the difference. They felt this would add assurance to the native-born Americans of how white they really were.They even enacted strict segregation for black housing to minimize any association. Even the poorest Polish-Americans thanked God they were not black. Job competition also clouded the Poles reason and tolerance (Lutenski, 1994 ). Sadly, a normally rational immigrant group forced the same isolation they had fought against onto another minority group. Affirmative Action Poles cried reverse discrimination when they were denied any rights under Affirmative Action. They cried ethnic discrimination for all the long years that they withstood discrimination. Ironically, now that the U.S. government accepted them as fully assimilated as the majority class of white Americans, they felt ignored (Lutenski, 1994). Polish-Americans Today I am an American first and foremost and a third generation Polish-American. I grew up in an ethnically diverse community with a strong sense of family, church, patriotism, and allegiance to the United States. My mother grew up in Brooklyn in a predominantly Polish neighborhood and even attended the Polish National Catholic Church. I am proud of my heritage and my family’s personal stories of courage, faith, and endurance.I continue to observe several religious holiday customs and have passed them down to my children, grandchildren, and now my great-grandchildren. There are still large pockets of Polish-American communities across the U. S. today. The fourth and fifth generation Poles are more Americanized but still have a deep respect and connection to their ancestral roots, customs, and beliefs. More young single Poles immigrate to the U. S. hoping for better career opportunities. Poland today is a free republic, no longer a Communist state. The economy is stable and there has been no recent political unrest.The new generation is more tolerant with respect for all races and ethnicities. The first non-Italian, Catholic pope was the pride of Poles and is one step away from sainthood since his beatification today. Polish Americans are proud, patriotic, and respectful. They participate in government, finance, education, business, aviation, the arts, and the medical field. There are no longer the prejudices or injustices of yesteryear. The glass ceilings and walls are gone and they have taken their rightful place on the glass escalator. May they lead the way for others who are still oppressed and repressed.

Having Admission Essays Explained by a Professional

Having Admission Essays Explained by a Professional If you are having difficulty with your admissions essay and would like to have the process of writing admission essays explained in a easy way that you can understand, then I strongly recommend that you seek council from a professional admissions essay editor. Available for a variety of different services, professional editors can make the task of having to write a college admission composition much simpler. If you are interested in learning more about professional essay editors, please read on. Most professional editing companies offer a variety of services to students in need. Services can range anywhere from one-time proof reading to step-by-step guidance through the entire admission essays writing process. Prices for these services can cost anywhere from $30 to $1,000. If you are interested in hiring a professional editor, make sure that get specific details on the services offered and the prices attached. I can tell you from first hand experience that hiring a professional editor to help with your admission essay is an excellent decision. Depending what type of editing package you buy, you can receive one-on-one personal attention from one of several qualified, Harvard-educated editors, you can have all of your drafts read and corrected, and you can even get outline and/or creativity advice from an editor who will help you construct your paper from scratch! Whatever assistance you need, you can rest assured that there is a qualified editor willing and ready to help. I cannot stress enough how wonderful it was to have an editor assist me in the admission essays writing process. Although I did all of the actual writing by myself, it was terrific to have someone to whom I could turn for guidance and/or suggestions. If you are interested in getting help with your composition and/or having admission essays explained, I encourage you to contact a professional and reliable editor.

The news' topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

The news' topic - Essay Example This statement followed Kremlin’s ordering of its combat aircraft around Ukraine to be on high alert (Oliphant par. 4). An eye witness stated that inside parliament were about 60 people who were heavily armed (Oliphant par. 5). Another witness stated that parliament’s door was blockaded using chairs and tables from the inside to the extent that no one could enter the building. So far, no one has been reported to have been injured following the incident. Crimea, unlike other parts of Ukraine, has ethnic Russians forming the majority of the population. The seizure of the capital has come at a time when Ukraine’s new leaders were voicing their concerns over the possible cessation of the region from Ukraine. It has also come at a time when some ethnic Russians living in the region have been calling on Vladimir Putin, the Russian President, to reclaim the territory from Ukraine. The territory had been given to Soviet Ukraine in 1954 by Nikita Khrushchev. Meanwhile, the U.S. has been quick to warn that military intervention by the Russian military against Ukraine will be a gross move. Oliphant, Roland. Ukraine crisis: Russian flag raised in Crimea as gunmen storm parliament. The Telegraph. 27 Feb 2014. Web.

Politics and government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Politics and government - Essay Example Additionally, politics is applied on an extensive range of communal levels, from modern local governments, tribes and clans of traditional community, institutions and companies up to international levels, and also to independent states. Therefore, Government is the system through which a community or state is governed. However, the term government can be used scarcely to refer to a combined group of people who carry outs executive authority in a nation. Thus, the broader definition of the word government, generally consists of administrators, arbitrators and legislators. Thus, Government is the means by which the mechanism for determining the policy of the state and enforcement of the state policy. Furthermore, a form of state government thus refers to a set of political institutions and systems that come up with the establishment of a particular government. Additionally, both government and politics are words that are interrelated and are reliant on each other. For instance, for governing one needs to be aware of the politics art. Whereas a politician who is in control must know how to govern. In today’s society, politics is important because it tells people how societies should be formed and how one should act in a community. Moreover, due to the power, governments have abused lately, some people don’t believe its importance in the community or society. However, government is necessary and will be necessary if every new age group comes up with a new crop of predators. Therefore, the governments upholds individual bill of rights through the constitution. For instance, the freedom to speech, freedom to association, freedom of worship among others. Further, the na me of this political system is socialism. Lastly, politicians set rules and regulations that are fundamental for the smooth running of the government (Hague and Harrop, 210). My level of interest in politics and

Alternative-Fuel Vehicles Essay Example for Free

Alternative-Fuel Vehicles Essay Atmospheric pollution is a major problem nowadays. So it is important that we should immediately find alternative fuel sources for petroleum and reduce the emission of harmful gases in the atmosphere. This has been the dream of many scientists because this will significantly reduce the emission of carbon dioxide, a green house gas, to the atmosphere. Most of these fuels can be manufactured domestically so I cut the costs of importing from other countries. Some are even derived from renewable sources. Electric cars are now being manufactured globally. Unknown to many, electricity-powered cars came into the automotive scene before its diesel and petroleum counterpart. But due to the limitations of the technology in the past, its development was stopped and diesel cars became the standard car. Most of the problems electric cars faced points to the battery. Batteries were heavy and required recharging. But there are new developments in this technology. A battery now has longer life and comes in much lighter forms. The main drawback of this car is the distance it can travel before the batteries run out. If there are enough recharging stops, like gas stations, the electric car will prove itself as a fuel-efficient and environment-friendly car. Natural gas cars are also gaining popularity. The promise of being able to fuel the car at one’s own home is hard to deny. Honda calls it a personalized solution to the fact that gasoline stations don’t sell natural gas. The Honda model Civic GX is coined as the cleanest internal combustion engine-powered vehicle ever tested by Environmental Protection Agency. However, natural gas is not renewable. A potential advantage of Hydrogen cars is that it can be used over and over again by the process of electrolysis. Although the supply hydrogen is not limited as fossil-fuels, production of such cars doesn’t come at a cheap price. Hydrogen has many advantages if used to fuel cars, but currently it is very expensive. Some car companies offer to convert diesel cars into hydrogen cars, but most of the time the price of conversion is much more expensive than the original price of the car. Also, hydrogen in normal temperature is gas and to be used as fuel it should be squeezed in high pressures so it is somewhat difficult to contain. Fuel cell cars are definitely a technology to watch for. It has the potential to minimize the use of energy while reducing harmful emissions at the same time. What sets it above the others is that it can make its own energy through certain chemical processes. Also, fuel cell cars don’t emit pollutants. But the price is almost the same for hydrogen cars, if not higher. The developments in fuel cells is rather young, it is not yet tested as compared to other alternative fuels, so it would be a risk if we utilize this technology right away. Among these alternative sources of energy, I choose natural gas. The other alternatives may score a higher grade in terms of energy advantage and minimal emission, but they are too expensive. The economy will suffer as we save the environment using Hydrogen, Electric, and Fuel Cell cars. Natural gas is widely distributed around the world. New natural gas reserves are discovered as time pass, it is just waiting for us to harness fuel from it. Most countries will be able to tap their own resources and strengthen one’s economy. The production of cars and fuel supply for natural gas cars is also very feasible compared to the other alternatives. Atmospheric pollution is increasing during each day. And since natural gas is the cheapest, we can immediately put it to use. This is the realistic approach concern the threat of global warming. We put into use something that works and will be a benefit for both the economy and environment. And after we became successful in harnessing natural gas, and the economic condition permits it, it is the time to upgrade to hydrogen or fuel cells and completely eliminate harmful emissions from vehicles.

Television Vs Movies Essay -- essays research papers

Before there was television and motion pictures (movies), people used to spend their leisure time listening to the radio. They were offered little variety and often routinely listened to the same things. In the late 1800’s and early 1900’s, motion pictures and television were invented, respectively. In the beginning, they were considered luxuries. As time wore on, they became increasingly more and more popular. Today they are both extremely common forms of entertainment. Though they are both very popular, they are also very different.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Going to the movies offers a complete escape from everyday life for a few hours at a time. In movies, a story can usually be told from beginning to end in a short period of time. Movies allow a person to get completely wrapped ...

Wired and Wireless Networks

Wired and Wireless, What’s the Difference? The main difference between a wired and wireless data communication infrastructure is the existence of physical cabling. The same or similar techniques are employed for both types of data communication infrastructure in terms of the core elements of essential network services. The basic difference between a wired and a wireless network is self-explanatory. A wired network uses wires to communicate whereas a wireless network uses radio waves. Another difference and how one technology gets an edge over the other. Wired networks are easy to set up and troubleshoot where wireless networks are comparatively difficult to set up, maintain, and troubleshoot. Wired networks make you immobile while wireless ones provide you with convenience of movement. A third difference, wired networks prove expensive when covering a large area because of the wiring and cabling while wireless networks do not involve this cost. Wired networks have better transmission speeds than wireless ones. In a wired network, user does not have to share space with other users and thus gets dedicated speeds while in wireless networks, the same connection may be shared by multiple users. One of the most common questions we have to answer on a daily basis is the difference between wired and wireless networks. Wired is the communication between two devices via cables. Wireless is the communication between two devices without cables. Now, is it that simple? Each method of networking has its own pros and cons. Wireless networks do not use any form of cable. The transmission of data occurs over radio waves just like cordless phones or the Bluetooth headset that came with that phone you purchased . There are many advantages, but the major advantage of having a wireless device is the mobility and freedom that comes with it. There is less clutter and fewer wires to worry about. But, you sacrifice in most cases on speed and security. Wired networks on the other hand have been around for some time now. Officially known today as the Ethernet, the cables usually connect these devices using CAT5 cables. The speed and security in this scenario are greatly enhanced. The latest Ethernet routers can support up to 1000Mb/s or a Gigabit/second, that’s ten times faster than the widely used 100 Mb/s router. However the overall cost of a wired network is lower and provides high performance and better security than wireless networks. As home users, wireless networks have become the choice. A wireless network saves your time and efforts in installing a lot of cables. Also, if you need to relocate a client machine in your office, you only need to move the computer with wireless network. Wireless networking is very useful in the public places, libraries, hotels, schools, airports, train stations. A drawback in the wireless internet is that quality of service, it is not guaranteed if there is any interference. Then the connection may be dropped. Wireless local area networks allow users in local area, such as in a university or a library to join a network and gain wireless access to the internet. A temporary network can be formed by a small number of users without the need of access points. Service Set Identifier acts a simple password by allowing WLAN network to be split up into different networks and each having a unique identifier. These identifiers are configured in multiple access points. To access any of the networks, a computer is configured in such a way that each is having a corresponding identifier for that network. If they match between the two computers or networks then access is granted. This is a good security method but it is mainly involved in the small wireless networks because there is more manual work is involved, entering the MAC address into the Access point. Wireless networking is very popular in home networking and more than 20 percent of homes with broadband internet are using wireless networks and this number is increasing. In a general estimate worldwide hotspots have now reached more than 30,000 and will grow about 210,000 in the next few years. Most large hotels already offer Wi-Fi and the business travelers are willing to pay for the wireless access. 802. 11 is the next Wi-Fi speed standard. It is set to offer bandwidth around 108Mbps and is still under development. With the speed of 70 Mbps and a range up to 30 miles, the 802. 1 standard, known as Wimax is sure to give a boost to wireless networking. The term wireless networking refers to technology that enables two or more computers to communicate using standard network protocols, but without network cabling. Any technology that does this could be called wireless networking. This technology, fueled by the emergence of cross-vendor industry standards such as IEEE 802. 11, has pro duced a number of affordable wireless solutions that are growing in popularity with business and schools as well as sophisticated applications where network wiring is impossible, such as in warehousing or point-of-sale handheld equipment. An ad-hoc, or peer-to-peer wireless network consists of a number of computers each equipped with a wireless networking interface card. Each computer can communicate directly with all of the other wireless enabled computers. They can share files and printers this way, but may not be able to access wired LAN resources, unless one of the computers acts as a bridge to the wired LAN using special software. Each computer with a wireless interface can communicate directly with all of the others. A wireless network can also use an access point, or base station. In this type of network the access point acts like a hub, providing connectivity for the wireless computers. It can connect (or â€Å"bridge†) the wireless LAN to a wired LAN, allowing wireless computer access to LAN resources, such as file servers or existing Internet Connectivity. That’s the different between wired and wireless network. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. http://computer. howstuffworks. com/home-network2. htm 2. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Wireless_network 3. http://www. broadbandbuddy. com. au/wireless-broadband/wireless-networks-vs-wired-networks